Sociology of education

The article presents an analytical review of modern sociological longitudinal studies of educational trajectories of young people, which are conducted in Russia, the United States and the countries of the European Union. The goals, objectives, and characteristics of the research samples are compared. The methodological features of studying the trajectories of young people in educational systems and in the labor market are considered. The main aspects of the research of educational trajectories and career paths that are in the focus of sociologists ‘ attention are touched upon: gender, ethnic, socio-economic and psychological. The conclusions obtained in the course of the study are presented. It resulted in the understanding that Western and domestic longitudinal studies of educational trajectories agree that the social status, material well-being, as well as the “educational experience” of parents or other family members, have a great influence on the decision-making of young people regarding their further educational and professional career. In the context of different countries and research plans-describing the educational trajectories of students, predictive determination of people choosing a particular career path, consistent reconstruction of trajectories — it was found that low-resource groups in higher education, such as students from disadvantaged families, follow less linear and less smooth trajectories in higher education. Russian studies are distinguished by the fact that they consider and study educational and professional trajectories in close connection with each other, and also focus on the problem of the relationship between socio-economic factors and individual choice. At the same time, there is a lack of a comprehensive study of non-material and non-cognitive factors that influence decision-making at the crucial moment of transition to vocational education or from the education system to the labor market.

Based on the results of the Rosstat survey of graduates of HE and SPO, the article considers the processes of transition from education to work of three groups of young people. For the first time on a properly comparable basis of empirical analyses a number of characteristics: participation in the labour force in the learning process, timing and methods of seeking work, the impact of employment in accordance with the obtained specialty / outside link gain status; level of employment and unemployment, size of average wages by major groups of occupations.

The article discusses the contribution of sociology to the understanding of the institution of education. The sociological aspects in the development of the modern institution of education, including theories and methods in the sociology of education, the relationship of changes in the education system and globalization, the transition of students from school to work, the dual system of vocational training are analyzed. Attention is paid to the problems arising in the sociology of education.

The article considers current trends in the development of professional educational institutions of Sverdlovsk region. The authors present some of the results obtained in the framework of monitoring conducted in 2015 among students.