2022 №2

27 мая 2022 года в Российской академии образования состоялась Первая Всероссийская научно-практическая конференция «Развитие системы среднего профессионального образования: новые возможности и риски».

The author notes that the existing tools for the development of secondary vocational education require improvement and adaptation in the practice of their application, knowing that the development of secondary vocational education is impossible without the development of the employment sector and qualification systems. At the same time, it does not make much sense to use the tools separately, as it is a set of management decisions closely related to the process of socio-economic development of regions and the country as a whole.

A new educational paradigm—“Professionalitet”—is being approved in the system of secondary vocational education. The need to modernise the existing practice of training specialists is due to the socio-technological changes in post-industrial society and shortcomings in the organisation and implementation of the educational process in secondary vocational education. We have chosen a panoramic approach aimed at consistently solving current problems of the “Professionalitet” project as a theoretical and applied basis for the study of its implementation. The logic of the search and construction of the study determined the methodology. Subject-oriented learning with its main characteristics being self-determination, self-actualisation, transpersonalisation, transcendence, transdisciplinarity, and self-realisation became the main conceptual provision. The integration of these semantic indicators has determined the innovative trend of vocational education—personalised learning.

Background. Growing requirements for qualification of VET teaching staff determined the subject of this article—the study of features and mechanisms of the regional VET system staffing. The article is devoted to highlighting the interim results of a study conducted by the Centre for Vocational Education and Qualifications FIRO RANEPA “Research on the VET system transformation processes in the context of the uneven socio-economic development of the Russian Federation regions”, p. 3 “Development of staffing models for vocational education and training depending on the socioeconomic development of the Russian Federation regions”. Objective. The aim of the study is to develop staffing models for vocational education and training, depending on the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation regions, based on the analysis of the general requirements for staffing the regional VET system and ways to obtain pedagogical qualifications in vocational education and training. Methods. Collection of information from open official sources, analysis of scholarly publications, survey of heads of education from 10 different Russian regions, generalisation and systematisation of the findings. Results. Contradictions between the high requirements for the qualifications of teachers of vocational education and the objective conditions for obtaining qualifications of such a level have been revealed. This should be taken into account when developing a regional staffing model. Practical significance. Results of the study can be used in the formation and development of regional systems of further professional education for VET teachers.

The authors analyse retrospectives and emerging trends in the system of vocational pedagogical education and substantiate different ways of improving teachers of secondary vocational education training. The materials and conclusions presented in the article come from the results of research being conducted at the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of Vocational Education of the Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy for decades. The research is being done according to the coordination plan of scientific research of the Educational and Methodological Association of universities for vocational pedagogical education. The report contains provisions that can be taken into account by managers and specialists of federal and regional education management bodies when forming policies and making current decisions aimed at the modernisation of secondary vocational education, as well as by teachers-scientists when conducting scientific research in the field of theory and practice of vocational education

Background. Due to the entry of Russian colleges into the federal project “Professionalitet”, the implementation of educational programmes of vocational education in previously known ways is no longer possible. Updated principles of professional training, deadlines, and focus on close interaction with participants of the real sector of the economy require a qualitatively different approach to the educational process. Methods. Analysis of literature and international educational practices based on new approaches to the content of professional and pedagogical education and organisational forms of its implementation: agile technologies, cognitive science and neuroeducation principles. Results. The features and possibilities of practical applying provided conceptual ideas into the practice of personnel professional programmes training are shown. A successful implementation can be seen on the example of an educational programme on thinking formation Accelerator and an educational platform Pedagogical literacy classes based in Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University. Practical significance. The presented experience can be used for future teachers of vocational education training, as well as for the formation of pedagogical competence in personnel

The subject of the study comprises the current trends of the work-based learning due to the acceleration of changes in the content of labor and the complexity of professions, which often makes it difficult or even impossible to master new skills in an educational organization. Thus, the article contains a systemic examination of the key most common models of work-based learning against the backdrop of its on-going growing relevance and expansion. The aim of the study is to identify invariant characteristics of the work-based learning from the polyactor communication perspective and to identify conditions for its successful implementation. The employed methodology relies on the diachronic approach supported by the empiric methods of desk-top research such as systems analysis method and text analysis method, as well as elements of social engineering Theoretical novelty is in the identification of the configuration of the poly-actor dimension of work-based learning and its inherent properties relevant for enhancing quality and efficiency of the work force that would be adequate to the challenges of the knowledge economy and Industry 4.0. It is concluded that the added value of work-based learning in the form of apprenticeships and dual models as well as its other configurations is outside the formal contractual frame integrating its actors and lies in the targeted organization of the process of learning in the real-life work environment. The practical value is in the possibility of using the proposed conclusions and recommendations to further modernize vocational and professional education and courses in management in education.

Background. Changes going on in the world such as an increase in life expectancy or an increase in the retirement age have caused a revision of the social and psychological characteristics of a pre-retirement age person; actualised the problem of the crisis of loss of profession due to extending period of active working capacity. Objective. The aim of the study is to determine the technologies for preventing the crisis of loss of professional activity among teachers of late age. Methods. The study used theoretical and empirical methods. Psychodiagnostics was used as an empirical method using the following methods: S. Maddy’s Hardiness Survey adapted by E.N. Osin, E.I. Rasskazova; new uncertainty tolerance questionnaire by T.V. Kornilova; scale of psychological well-being by K. Riff adapted by T.D. Shevelenkova, P.P. Fesenko. The study involved 52 teachers of average age 59.3 years, who were diagnosed with reduced indicators of psychological well-being, resilience, tolerance to uncertainty. Results. A programme of socio-psychological training for the prevention of teachers’ crisis of the loss of profession due to late age has been developed and tested. As the result, the indicators of resilience approached high values, indicators of psychological well-being increased to a normative level, indicators of intolerance to uncertainty increased to high values, interpersonal tolerance to uncertainty approached low. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a technology for preventing teachers’ crisis of losing profession, based on increasing psychological well-being, resilience and intolerance to uncertainty, was presented and tested. Practical significance. The training can be used in different types and levels of educational institutions.

Background. Under the reform of higher education, universities were divided into “effective” and “inefficient”. Falling into the “ineffective” category and subsequent changes in the team work become traumatic factors for the teachers. Objective. Analysis of the emotional state of teachers working in universities that have been declared “ineffective” in terms of burnout syndrome (EBS). Methods. The study was carried out based on the analysis of data obtained during social observation, interviews, and conversations with teachers. A hundred teachers of the Azov-Black Sea Engineering Institute (Zernograd, Rostov region) took part in the questionnaire based on V. V. Boyko’s method of diagnosing emotional burnout syndrome (CMEA). Results. Diagnosing EBS according to the method of V. V. Boyko showed that most of the teachers of the institute (53%) are at the stage of fully formed emotional burnout. Only 17% are at the stage of formation of the EBS and 30% are at the stage of internal resistance to the emerging syndrome. There were no educators among those surveyed who were not affected by emotional burnout at all. The obtained results require the development of a set of measures that would prevent the teachers’ burnout. However, at the moment only internal measures are available (organisation of sports, summer holidays, etc.), when external measures (by the state) are absent. As a result, the possibility of losing highly skilled workers of small agricultural universities is growing. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used when diagnosing EBS in teachers of various universities, and for developing a programme to regulate and overcome this negative psychological state

Background. The recently changing interest in the system of secondary vocational education among young people, especially among graduates of 9th grade, creates a need to analyse admission to educational organisations that implement educational programmes of secondary vocational education (SVE) in order to identify possible additional burden on regional systems SVE and for the education authorities to adopt necessary management decisions for a timely decision to meet the demand both of the youth and of the employers. Objective. Analysis of the features of 9th grade graduates’ educational tracks “school — secondary vocational education” in various regions of the Russian Federation. Methods. The study is based on the study of data that was being obtained from the federal statistical reporting forms OO-1 and SPO-1 for 5 years, from 2017 to 2021, and was carried out using the method of mathematical data analysis. For the greatest clarity, the results are presented in the form of infographics. Results. The analysis of admission to vocational education organisations made it possible to identify regional heterogeneity in young people’s demand for training in the vocational education system, as well as to determine the main trends in the choice of regions for studying. It was revealed that interest in training in the vocational education system is observed not only in training programmes for mid-level specialists, but also in training programmes for skilled workers, including studying on a contractual basis. Practical significance. The results of the study presented in the article can be used for making managerial decisions at the level of a professional educational organisation and at the regional level in the case of career guidance work and establishment of admission control figures.

Background. To understand the consequences of an emergency transition to distance learning during a pandemic, it is important to know the opinion of not only teachers and managers, but also the students themselves. Objective. Analysis and theoretical understanding of statistical data characterizing the attitude and assessments of students of educational institutions of secondary vocational education and universities of distance learning during the period of self-isolation and attitude to the prospects for the digitalization of education. Methods. From the standpoint of institutional and community approaches, a secondary analysis of the statistical data of the All-Russian selective supervision of the quality and availability of services in the areas of education, healthcare and social services, and the promotion of employment of the population was carried out Results. The emergency transition to distance learning during the period of self-isolation caused by the coronavirus pandemic has shown the unpreparedness of both secondary vocational and higher education organizations and students for the challenges of the new reality. According to the results of the All-Russian selective observation, more than half of the students are not satisfied with distance learning during the period of self-isolation. More than 80% of students expressed a negative attitude towards the transition to fully distance learning, which indicates their extremely restrained attitude to the digitalization of education and unwillingness to part with the classical educational system. The differentiating factor of assessments is the course of study and the direction of training. Practical significance. The results obtained can be used in practical activities to improve distance learning and management decision-making in professional and higher education organizations.

Due to the health care reform in our country, with the opening of new branches of medicine, namely palliative medical care (PMC), the process of training mid-level professionals has acquired qualitatively new characteristics. The author’s project of integrative course “Stomatherapy Basics” is presented in this article. The article presents the project which is aimed to improve the professional skills of future nurses in palliative care of patients with colorectal cancer. The project was carried out at Kaluga Basic Medical College (during the study of MP 02. MPK 02.01 SECTION 3 “Nursing Care in Surgery”).