2023 №2

Introduction. Due to  the imposition of  sanctions and the development of  import substitution at  Russian enterprises, not only is  the nomenclature of  the equipment used changing, but in  many cases the technological processes are also changing. This is  a serious challenge to  adapt to  the new economic conditions by  realigning with compatible equipment and technologies.

Aim: to define the degree of readiness of  Russian educational organisations implementing secondary vocational education programmes to solve the problems of renewal and import substitution, based on the data obtained during an empirical study. 

Methods. Empirical data were collected using an electronic questionnaire form, which included 22 closed questions. The processing of the obtained primary results was carried out on the basis of cluster analysis. 

Results. It has been revealed that vocational education organisations are not adequately prepared to address the issue of updating equipment in the context of the achievement of technological sovereignty by the Russian Federation. The contribution of employers to  the process of  updating equipment in  educational institutions turned out to  be significantly less than expected. The use of  certain management strategies by  an educational organisation has little effect on  the quality of  its material and technical support. The key determinant is its location in a financially prosperous region and access to regional sources of financing. 

Scientific novelty. The nature and degree of  influence of  various factors on  the effectiveness of equipment renewal and import substitution processes in educational organisations implementing secondary vocational education programmes are revealed. The differences in  the created conditions and management strategies used by  educational organisations to  solve logistical problems (diversification of  financing channels, cooperation with employers, import substitution planning, personnel training) are characterised. 

Practical significance. A  set of  conditions and management strategies have been defined to  ensure an  increase in  the efficiency of  equipment renewal and import substitution processes. The current problem areas in the management of material and technical support of the secondary vocational education system are identified.

Introduction. The current stage of  the development of  the educational process is  associated with the active development of  various types of  digital tools, resources and services, under the influence of which methods and learning goals are transformed. Excessive attention to  digital educational tools, their convergent nature, insufficient scientific reflection on  the processes of  digital transformation and the uncertainty of terminology are factors due to which changes in the human (didactic) component of the educational process remain in the shadows. 

Aim: to substantiate the significance of born-digital pedagogical technologies as one of the central categories of modern didactics. 

Methods. A  set of  empirical and theoretical methods was used, including analysis of  literary sources, participant observation, problematisation, analysis and synthesis, classification and systematisation. 

Results. A  detailed description of  the phenomenon of  ‘born-digital pedagogical technologies’, which is in the relationship of convergence with digital products (Ed Tech) through which there are being realised is given. 

Scientific novelty. Approaches to  the classification of  born-digital pedagogical technologies are proposed. The idea of  instrumental and supra-instrumental borndigital pedagogical technologies is introduced. 

Practical significance. The possible bifurcation in the development of the teacher’s professional activity model in the context of digital transformation is demonstrated: either the preservation of the traditional multifunctional pedagogical position or its reduction to the role of an ‘operator’ of digital tools. The lack of attention to born-digital pedagogical technologies serves as a factor that amplifies the risk of such reduction.

Introduction. In historical terms, the convergence of pedagogical and production factors, ‘laws of  production’ and ‘laws of  pedagogy’ and, finally, pedagogical and technical knowledge has always been a stumbling block in solving the problem of preparing a person for work and professional activity. Historical logical analysis provides an opportunity for a holistic vision of this interaction, which, in turn, allows using its laws in the modern practice of vocational education, which includes all stages of professional development- option, professional training, adaptation, professionalisation, professional excellence. 

The aim of the study is to develop a heuristic base for studying on the basis of historical and pedagogical analysis the problem of convergence of pedagogical and production factors as the most important tool for improving the educational and spatial environment and the personal and professional development of its subjects. 

Methods. The study used theoretical and methodological analysis of  the semantic and meaningful content of  the subject field of  research, synthesis of  the information received, inductive method in the study of the convergence of pedagogical and production factors. The starting methodological point of the study is the idea of dialectical dualism, which recognises the equivalence of opposites. 

Results. The heuristic foundations for the development of the convergence of pedagogical and production factors have been laid as the leading mechanism for improving the system of vocational training, as well as a toolkit for the phylogenetic and ontogenetic development of a person. 

Scientific novelty. A  scientific hypothesis about the leading role of  the convergence of pedagogical and production factors in the historical and individual development of a person is proposed. 

Practical significance. The results of the study can be used by teachers and heads of educational institutions to improve teaching and upbringing methods.

Introduction. The creation of the State labour reserves in the 1940s was accompanied by the formation of a specific socio-cultural environment that, to date, remains practically unexplored. At the same time, many elements of the subculture were quite distinct from the official image of a student formed by the labour reserves system. 

Aim. To  identify sociocultural markers, i.e. the most significant characteristics of  the subculture, which make it possible to characterise the typical features of the official and informal portrait of students in the state labour reserves. 

Methods. The study employed a  subcultural approach that emphasised the commonality of  intra-subcultural worldview foundations that perform a  “fastening” function of integrating students of state labour reserves into a single and sustainable education. The study used: 1) historical-comparative and historical-system methods aimed at  reconstructing the image of  a student of  the state labour reserves; 2) the synthesis of macro and micro approaches to historical research aimed at identifying the behavioural practices of an individual in a social group; 3) sociological research methods that allow revealing the content essence of  the markers of  the portrait of  students, identified on  the basis of  the analysis of  various sources (official documents, egodocuments, works of fiction, visual and other historical sources). 

Results. Indicators are proposed for the reconstruction of  the “formal” and “informal” portrait of students in the system of state labour reserves (1940-1950s) through the use of four categories of socio-cultural markers (socio-demographic characteristics, cultural values and mental characteristics, behavioural practices and appearance), allowing to recreate the image of students as representatives of the youth subculture in a more succinct manner. 

Scientific novelty. The basis for the reconstruction of  the socio-cultural portrait of students of the state labour reserves in the 1940s-1950s is presented in the optics of markers of “formal” and “informal”. 

Practical significance. The results of  the study can be  applied in  the study of  the evolution of the system of vocational education.

Introduction. As part of the improvement of practice-oriented foreign language training of an IT industry specialist in the system of secondary vocational education, the need for the formation of a foreign language skill focused on a professional foreign language context has become more acute. It is a necessary tool in the professional activity of a future IT specialist to perform real production operations with foreign-language teams. 

Aim. Substantiation of  the approach to  the context-oriented foreign language skill as an necessary system-forming element in the training of IT specialists, which is, in turn, an integral system education consisting of interrelated components. 

Methods. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach, which allowed to specify the characteristics of the concept of ‘context-oriented foreign language skill. Main research methods: analysis of scientific articles that study the algorithm for the formation of foreign language skills. 

Results. The necessity of the presence of a foreign language skill in the maintenance of professional competence and labor function of a future IT-industry specialist is substantiated. The efficiency of the approach to a foreign language skill as an integral system education, the structure of  which is  formed by  interrelated contextual, content, technological and activity components, is demonstrated by the example of a set of reference exercises “English for IT-specialist”. 

Scientific novelty. The contextual component, which is not always taken into account when studying a foreign language for professional purposes, is considered as an obligatory system-forming factor in the formation of a foreign language skill. 

Practical significance. The structure of  the text-oriented foreign language skill presented in  the article makes it  possible to  improve the professionally-oriented foreign language training of an IT-specialist within the framework of the discipline “Foreign language in the professional activity” introduced into the curriculum.

Introduction. The relevance of  this study stems from the observed tendency in  the labour market, where there is  a shortage of  specialised personnel in  the IT field. Simultaneously, the practice of  small start-ups and large IT companies reveals that a more acute management issue is the inefficiency of measures aimed at retaining newly hired specialised and qualified employees who would meet professional requirements and contribute significantly to enhancing the competitiveness of the organisation. The peak of employee layoffs occurs during their onboarding stage. 

Aim. To identify and describe the key management processes that facilitate the successful onboarding of specialised employees into an IT company, as well as to establish criteria for assessing the effectiveness of implementing these processes. 

Methods. Among the methods used were: secondary analysis of  empirical research results, content analysis of  scientific publications and specialised articles in  open Internet sources. 

Results. The significance of  adopting a  systematic and integrated approach to implementing the process of onboarding and retaining new specialised employees in an IT company is indicated. It is established that the process of integrating specialised employees into the organisation comprises two essential and interrelated managerial sub-processes: adaptation and probation. The criteria for assessing the effectiveness of  key management processes that ensure the successful onboarding of  specialised employees into an IT company are described. 

Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of  the research lies in  the highlighted key interrelated and complementary management processes of  onboarding specialised employees into an  IT company, as  well as  the criteria for their effectiveness that are identified and described. 

Practical significance. The results of the study can be used by managers and specialists who ensure the processes of  attracting and retaining specialised employees in  an IT company.

Clip thinking is a characteristic of the modern generation of students that needs to be considered in the learning process. The objective is to explore the potential utilization of  this characteristic when teaching physics through specific examples. The study confirmed the presence of clip thinking in a significant portion of first-year students. As a methodological approach that considers the “clipping” nature of thinking, a technique of  task fragmentation in  physics, followed by  its solution and defragmentation, is  proposed. This technique not only facilitates the principle of  accessibility but also develops students’ logical thinking skills. The presented methodology can be  utilized not only in the practice of teaching physics to non-physics major students in universities but also in vocational educational institutions and high schools.

In view of changes in education, teachers’ professional development becomes particularly important. This raises the question of finding effective tools and methods of teachers’ professional development. The aim of  the study is  to identify current directions of professional competence development based on the data obtained from the study on the difficulties the teachers face during the implementation of professional and pedagogical activities. As a result of the study, priority areas for the professional competence development, as well as problem areas of didactics of vocational education were identified.This study is the first stage in the development of a didactic multimedia complex, which can become an effective tool for the organisation of teachers’ professional development.

Introduction. Artificial intelligence (AI) enters all areas of our lives: in work processes, learning processes, in  everyday affairs. The inevitable development of  AI systems will lead to the fact that the whole life of a person will change, and psychology will not be an exception. The aim of  the article is  to outline a  range of  issues related to  real and/or predicted changes in mental processes that will occur during human interaction with AI; to consider promising areas of AI research in the field of psychology based on the analysis of cases of its application.