2024 №3

Introduction. The emergence and mass distribution of generative artificial intelligence (GAI), including large language models in 2022–2023, have led to large-scale transformations in many areas, thanks to new opportunities for working with text, images, video, and sound. The scientific community, anticipating significant changes in the field of education under the influence of GAI-based technologies, is considering new paradigms in education. This work explores the technological possibilities of using GAI in the education system and highlights the emerging trend toward scaling up personalised education. 

Aim. The purpose of the study is to describe existing educational technologies based on GAI, as well as the practice of their application. 

Methods. In-depth interviews with experts in  the field of  generative artificial intelligence. 

Results. The study described the areas of application of GAI in the education system, revealed the advantages, problems and risks of introducing new technologies, considered the practice of applying generative artificial intelligence in the education system, and proposed recommendations to educational organisations on adapting to digital transformation, in terms of GAI. 

Scientific novelty lies in  systematising the research on  different directions of  using GAI in the educational process and forecasting further development of GAI application in education. 

Practical significance. The results of the study can be used by teachers to update the curriculums, change the system of assessment and control of students, adapt training programmes to the capabilities of students using new technologies based on GAI as well as to understand the global trend of changing the approach to education in general.

Introduction. This article addresses the need to revise approaches to forecasting the demand for skilled workers in order to establish clear requirements for the development of Russia’s vocational education system. 

The aim of  the article is  to propose potential solutions that define strategies for the development of the Russian vocational education system, considering approaches currently used in foreign countries. 

Methods. The study is  applied in  nature, utilising general scientific methods such as  comparative and theoretical analysis, as  well as  data synthesis and generalisation from open sources, including regulatory documents and scientific publications. 

Results. The study’s findings include conclusions about the relationship between workforce demand forecasting approaches and decisions regarding the development of the vocational education system. 

Scientific novelty lies in proposals to change forecasting methods the need for personnel in Russia based on combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. 

Practical significance. Solutions are proposed for the development of the vocational education system, taking into account the results of forecasting the demand for skilled workers.

Introduction. To address the shortage of qualified personnel in the sectors of the economy the national project “Personnel” will start on January 1, 2025. The federal projects that it  encompasses are aimed at  implementing such tasks as  effective employment of graduates of educational organisations, transformation of approaches to the professional development of working citizens, assistance in retraining and advanced training, and many others. The increasing role of  additional vocational education is  also due to  the discrepancy between vocational education and the needs of  the labor market noted by employers and, as a consequence, the need to improve personnel qualifications. Thus, one of the significant issues of personnel policy is assessing the need for additional training of young specialists in the initial period of their working career. 

Aim. Analysis of Russian experience in assessing the redundancy/insufficiency of qualifications of young specialists to determine the future need for the content of additional professional programs and forms of  training that can accelerate adaptation to  the requirements of employers. 

Methods. Review of publications covering the approaches of Russian researchers of the education system and labour market to assessing the redundancy/insufficient qualifications of young specialists. 

Results. The review of publications shows the diversity in Russian practice of approaches to  assessing the redundancy/insufficient qualifications of  young specialists. Determining the long-term need for the content of additional professional programmes and forms of  training in  order to  accelerate the adaptation of  young specialists to  the requirements of employers remains an urgent research problem. 

Practical significance. The results of the study can be used by specialists in the field of  education management, employers, heads of  educational organisations, representatives of the expert community to implement the main directions of personnel policy aimed at increasing the efficiency of personnel training, identifying and developing the resource potential of young specialists.

Introduction. In  the previous article we  considered the state of  the supply of  some branches of the economy with middle-level specialists and showed that the shortage of  such specialists can be  eliminated by  insignificant changes in  the structure of  admission to the programmes of training of middle-level specialists. This article discusses in detail the situation with the supply of skilled workers in the ‘Manufacturing Industries’, the problems of determining the basic professions for the industry, and the estimates of the skilled workers shortage with education in basic (profile) for the industry professions, as well as the possibilities and methods of eliminating this shortage. 

Aim. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the compliance of the structure and the ammount of skilled workers trained in the basic groups of professions for the industry, using the example of the ‘Manufacturing industries’ sector. It also aims to estimate the shortage of such personnel and possible ways to reduce it. 

Methods. In order to assess the shortage of skilled workers with training in the basic programmes for industry, the following data were used: сomparison of the share of enrolments in the relevant programmes in the total enrolments in training programmes for skilled workers and those employed in the industry; Rosstat labour demand monitoring, adjusted for the size of the sample surveyed; Forecast calculations of the demand for personnel with different levels of education, distribution of the employed by age and by level of education.

Results. The estimates show that for the FEA “Manufacturing industries” the shortage of skilled workers and specialists with education in programmes 15 and 22 by the beginning of 2023 (taking into account the retirements and graduation of skilled workers in these programmes in 2023) is estimated at 126.8 thousand people, and this is provided that all trained skilled workers in  programmes 15 and 22 start working in  the considered industry. Elimination of the shortage of skilled workers and specialists with education in programmes relevant for the FEA requires 3-5 times increase in the enrollment numbers. After 2028-2030, the shortage of skilled workers and specialists will start to increase due to an increase in the share of retirements. 

Scientific novelty. The lack/surplus of training of skilled workers and specialists with education in programmes 15 ‘Mechanical Engineering’ and 22 ‘Technology of Materials’, which are basic for the type of economic activity ‘Manufacturing Industries’ has been assessed. 

Practical significance. The results of  the study can be  used by  the state and regional authorities in the formation and distribution of control figures of admissions to the training of skilled workers and specialists in specific programmes, as well as in preparing decisions on measures aimed at increasing the conjugation of the structure of personnel training in  the system of  secondary vocational education with the prospective needs of the economy.

Introduction. Graduates of secondary vocational education institutions face a number of difficulties when entering the labour market. Among the main reasons are the lack of practical experience, the underdevelopment of the system of interaction between educational organisations and employers, and the discrepancy between the desired salary level and the real one. 

Aim. Analysis of strategies for students of professional educational organisations to enter the labour market, taking into account regional specifics and resource security of families. 

Methods. The leading method was a  sociological study conducted by  the Centre for Economics of Lifelong Learning of the RANEPA in the spring of 2023 among 1,098 senior year students of secondary vocational education organisations. The survey was conducted in three regions – Sverdlovsk, Volgograd and Ivanovo regions. The regions were selected taking into account their geographical location and place in the ranking of the socio-economic situation of the regions. 

Results. The result of the study was the analysis of graduates’ ideas about employment prospects, as well as the role of colleges in promoting youth employment. 

Scientific novelty. The projective models of employment of secondary vocational education graduates are presented. 

Practical significance. The obtained research results can be used for the development of managerial and organisational decisions aimed at improving the state youth policy in the field of employment. The findings of the study may be of interest for improving the methods of career guidance among students

Introduction. The shortage of qualified paramedical personnel in domestic healthcare is particularly acute: according to estimates from the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, in the fall of 2023, the shortage of mid-level specialists in state medical organisations amounted to about 50 thousand people. 

Aim. Assessment of the professional readiness of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College to work in the healthcare system. 

Methods. Univariate, bivariate and comparative analysis. The online survey was conducted in March-April 2023; a total of 2358 people were surveyed. The study was based on  the principle of  an attainable sampling of  17.2%. The sampling error was 1.84%, which suggests a fairly high degree of reliability of the data obtained. 

Results. An analysis of the professional readiness of medical college students to work in the public health care system is presented. 63.8% of respondents declared such readiness. The quality of the educational environment has the most significant impact on the formation of professional readiness. Minor impact – psychological motivation for choosing a medical profession and students’ employment during the training period. 

Scientific novelty. Subjective assessments of students’ professional readiness to work in healthcare are an important indicator of the quality of training of future specialists. 

Practical significance. Taking into consideration the identified factors that have an impact on students’ readiness for future professional activities makes it possible to adjust the main directions of career guidance work in college and ultimately achieve a high level of employment of graduates in their specialty.

Introduction. The scale of modernisation in secondary vocational education drives pedagogical science to  seek optimal, practice-oriented models for integrating education and production. Together with their resources, they ensure an  increase in  the quality of professional training of qualified workers who are capable of effectively performing labour functions and are ready to arrange independent inclusion in production processes and effectively solve problems that arise. Combining these resources is feasible within an integrated educational-production environment of the college. 

Aim. To  justify and develop a  structural-functional model of  interaction between the college and social partners within an integrated educational-production environment. 

Methods. Methods used include pedagogical modeling, studying innovative pedagogical practices, and analysing reference, encyclopedic, regulatory, and scientific literature related to the research topic. 

Result. The concept of “integrated educational and production environment of a college” is  specified. The social partners of  the college were identified, whose resources form the basis of the integrated educational and production environment. 

The scientific novelty lies in the development of a structural-functional model of interaction between the college and social partners within an integrated educational-production environment, highlighting the functional aspects of such interactions. 

Practical significance. The study’s findings can serve as a guide for secondary vocational education institutions (colleges, technical schools) in identifying social partners and establishing mutually beneficial collaborations for training in-demand workers.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the issue of pedagogical education in modern Russia. The training of  Russian teachers is  currently among the most discussed topics amid the socio-economic changes in the country and the revision of the structure of levels and programmes of higher education in general. 

The aim is to carry out a comparative analysis of approaches to modern pedagogical education, taking into account the provisions of educational and professional standards set by the state. 

Methods. The study employs content analysis of scientific literature and regulatory documents, along with a comparative analysis of approaches to the organisation of pedagogical education in the Russian Federation. 

Results. There is a tendency to unify approaches to pedagogical education, despite the existence of different approaches at the level of standardizing documents (Federal State Educational Standard, professional standards), as well as a diversity of practices and perspectives among scholars. Unification is possible at the level of principles and methods of organising pedagogical education, while still accommodating differences arising due to the dual qualifications of subject teachers, as well as the age and individual characteristics of students, including gifted children, students with special educational needs, and those attending general educational organisations of different types and locations. 

The scientific novelty lies in  characterising the modern trends of  the organisation of pedagogical education and raising the issue of researching the possibility, necessity, and extent of its unification. 

Practical significance. The study’s findings are of interest to scholars and practitioners involved in pedagogical education.

Introduction. Reflection is  an important factor in  achieving success across various types of  professional activities. In  pedagogy, most studies focus on  the higher psychological functions of individuals or on the development of reflective competencies in schoolchildren and students. The issue of the formation of reflective competencies within the general professional skills of teachers, particularly in the field of secondary vocational education (SVE), remains unresolved. 

The aim of the article is to substantiate the significance of reflective competence within the structure of a teacher’s competencies. 

Methods. The study employed bibliographic and content analysis of  scientific publications dedicated to issues of pedagogical reflection, along with the systematisation of the findings. 

Results. An  approach to  studying professional reflection as  a distinct set of  teacher competencies, which becomes especially crucial in  the context of  the digital transformation of education, was proposed. 

Practical Significance. The results of  the study can be  used to  further explore professional reflection as a tool for improving pedagogical practices.

Introduction. eduScrum is a teaching methodology based on the principles of the Agile business approach. eduScrum contains signs of project-based learning. The review of the experience of its application from the point of view of the product approach indicates that students acquire additional values that exceed the development of planned competencies. 

Aim. The aim is to summarise the experience of using eduScrum as an intermediate educational product. 

Methods. The analysis of the eduScrum educational product, with the help of which training courses for undergraduate students were created and implemented, was carried out using the Business Model Canvas. 

Results. The business model canvas for the educational product eduScrum is described in nine blocks: segments of the target audience; value proposition; sales channels; key activities; key partners; key resources; costs; benefits. “Bait and Hook” and “Partnership and Development” are proposed as basic business models for the educational product eduScrum. 

Scientific novelty. A vision of the product approach in the educational process of higher education is proposed, the object of which is the eduScrum methodology (framework). eduScrum is considered as an intermediate educational product with the help of which educational artifacts (methodological materials, student project developments, competency monitoring, portfolios, etc.) are generated, which are the evidence base for stakeholders, as well as final educational products in the form of professional values and competencies of future specialists. 

Practical significance. The proposed project-based teaching methodology may be used when developing practice-oriented educational courses.