2021 №3

Using the example of the Sverdlovsk Region, the article considers the possibility of giving an additional impetus to the development of vocational education — first of all, its personnel component. In order to solve this problem, current scientific publications were used, and the experience of practical interaction of the scientific and pedagogical community with public administration bodies and professional educational organizations was summarized, described in the materials of the Ist regional scientific and practical conference “Realities and prospects of personnel support of the vocational education system”, held on May 19, 2021, at the Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University (Yekaterinburg). This work aims to compare scientific and conceptual assessments of the prospects for the development of the personnel potential in a professional school with the opinions of teachers and forecasts of specialists from the authorities, as well as to comprehend the results obtained. In addition to determining current problems of personnel support of the vocational education system, the article offers theoretically, statistically and practically justified ways to solve them.

The article focuses on the justification of the axiological approach to the organisation of students’ educational work; the goals and results of the organised educational process during the preparation of bachelor students of vocational training are determined. Analysing theoretical research in the field of vocational and pedagogical education allowed the author to put forward a hypothesis about the possibility of creating a pedagogical environment suitable for the development of competencies necessary for the spiritual and moral education of secondary vocational educational organisations (technical schools and colleges) students. The conclusion of the article is based on the results of a four-год study (from September 2017 to June 2021) including asserting, shaping and final pedagogical experiments, the participants of which were 1-4 год students. Diagnostics of the subjects of pedagogical training spiritual and moral upbringing proved that the methodological approach and the research methods used are the most suitable. During the research, the author proved that it is possible to solve the priority issue of preparing students for the spiritual and moral education of workers and technicians in the context of a modern university. Teachers of pedagogical disciplines and the university’s general spiritual and moral situation play a special role in this.

The authors of the article consider the concept of “upbringing” and highlight its key features, analyze the factors that affect the upbringing process and complicate educational practices in educational institutions. They actualize the state-proclaimed goals and objectives of education in general and upbringing as its component and present the general competencies of the FSES SPE from the standpoint of educational results. The theoretical part of the work focuses on comprehending the concept of “education” as a whole and the specifics of its formulation in the law “On Education in the Russian Federation” and in vocational education standards. The practical part of the article is related to the study of the value orientations of future teachers, carried out on the basis of the Sverdlovsk Regional College of Music and Aesthetics, which makes it possible to see the consequences of the influence of the factors on modern youth. Based on the findings of the survey, the authors of the publication propose ways to create an educational environment in an educational institution. The work is addressed to the professional-pedagogical and scientific community of the secondary vocational education system, as well as to deputy directors for educational work and teachers of general educational organizations.

The article deals with the issues of increasing the efficiency of studying complex technical disciplines by improving educational technologies through the use of innovative digital tools and resources based on the visualization of educational elements. The purpose of the article is to consider the essence of visualization of educational information, which is aimed not only at demonstrating engineering processes and systems but also at activating students’ cognitive activity and motivating them to study special disciplines of future professional activity. The theoretical significance of the article lies in the justification of the necessity of using digital visualization technologies to ensure the effectiveness of studying complex engineering disciplines. The practical significance is presented through the created visual frame, which enables high-quality training of vocational training teachers in the development, modification and further use of computer models for engineering training. The article considers the essence of educational elements visualization in a new way at three levels, which is important when using this technology in the educational process.

The article considers the problem of organizing distance learning, using the example of Microsoft Access within the course of information technology. The article aims to present the author’s method of distance learning in IT ba ed on universal information technology environments. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the method of synchronous-asynchronous organization of training is shown; the conditions for the design of synchronous-asynchronous training have been identified; the implementation of such training is shown by a specific example; the problems that arise in the process of using the presented training model are identified. Moreover, we can see students’ opinions about this educational form; it is shown that, in general, students are positively disposed towards this format of learning. It is impossible to teach a whole range of skills and abilities necessary for students in full-time education unlike, however, using the presented distance learning model. This is the theoretical significance of the work. The author claims that distance learning in information technologies is a much more efficient form of organizing the educational process than full-time education. The novelty of the article lies in the presented teaching methodology based on the use of a synchronous-asynchronous model and universal information technology environments.

The article reflects the latest transformations in the domain of teaching school subjects at Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), which is being modernised along with acquiring new characteristics targeted by the state. In this regard the authoress has set the task to work out theoretically grounded, viable, complex methodological system of teaching school subjects at TVET. Consolidating the systems and activity theoretical approaches in education with student-oriented and competence approaches, the authoress designs the methodological system of teaching school subjects at TVET taking into account the upgraded state imperatives. Studying the requirements for the learning outcomes of the educational programmes of the National Curriculum (Federal National Educational Standard) of high education, of the National Curriculum of TVET as well as the targeted characteristics of teaching school subjects at TVET, namely: being vocational, practice-oriented, and integrative — has allowed defining the objectives of teaching school subjects at TVET. The latter along with special conditions like specialisations and levels of learning a foreign language have guided the design of the learning content component. The authoress regards each condition in detail for she believes they are prerequisites for the successful performance of the learning content. The design of the third, activity component of the methodological system covers not only the targeted characteristics of teaching school subjects at TVET, but also the necessity to modify the teacher’s role, which in turn will inevitably transform the students’ position as well. A set of methods, forms and means of teaching capable of assisting in achieving the targeted outcomes is suggested. The article may be of both theoretical and practical interest to the teachers of school subjects at vocational schools, education coordinators and other staff members of vocational educational establishments.

The article focuses on the organization of the educational process in higher education. The author, in particular, believes that lectures and practical classes should begin and end with a warm-up, which implies doing short exercises. With the help of specially conducted research, the paper analyzes the structural features of training warm-ups, clarifies their differences from business warm-ups used during training, and also considers the specifics of using warm-ups in higher education from a substantive and organizational point of view. The conclusions are made considering the opinions of teachers and students who already have experience of doing warm-ups. The scientific novelty of the publication lies in bringing better understanding of the opportunities that open up with using warm-ups in the educational process. The article classifies them according to various criteria: the type of activity, mass character, the desired result, the format of the event. In addition, the author summarized his own practical experience of using business training tools during the preparation of bachelors and undergraduates gave examples of the most popular exercises in each group of the warm-up matrix. Special attention is paid to the warm-ups accompanying webinars, which continues to be extremely relevant in the light of the modern transition to a mixed format of training in vocational education. The article is intended for teachers and students of higher and secondary professional educational organizations.

The article discusses the problem of training the personnel of organizations in the context of pandemic. The goal is to summarize the ideas about online training of personnel and to highlight, based on the advantages and disadvantages of this form of training, the main guidelines in its organization. It is concluded that the transition to distance and mixed forms of education is natural not only as a result of the situation, but as a way to reduce the transaction costs of the employer in this area. Not only the advantages of online learning are considered, but also the disadvantages of both organizational and psychological nature. The main strategic guidelines for training personnel of organizations online are highlighted. It is assumed that the orientation towards life long learning, together with the ability to build individual educational trajectories and developing online training, can become a tool for career development and support of personnel through the coordination of the educational needs of the employee and the objectives of the organization.

The purpose of the article is to characterize the features of the dual system in vocational education in Hungary based on the experience of the Hungarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry over the past three годs (2019–2021). Rhe author attempts to systematize management decisions on the introduction of a dual training system in the country’s vocational education based on the principles of public-private partnerships. The theoretical significance lies in the description of the modern model of professional education in Hungary (the principles of the dual educational programmes formation in two types of educational organizations, partnership mechanisms of enterprises and educational organizations with the Chamber of Commerce and Industry having the coordinating role). The practical significance lies in the description of regulatory legal solutions that ensure the viability of the dual model of education in the country.

Professionology is a scientific discipline that is at the stage of formation. The prerequisites for the actualisation of occupational research are related to the trends of modern post-industrial society. The design of the methodological apparatus of professionology, the crystallisation of the internal structure of the scientific discipline, requires an intensive process of exchanging ideas, a close interaction of scientists and practitioners. That was the subject of the networking “Professionology — projection into the future”. The purpose of the event: analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of professionology as a field of scientific knowledge. During the discussion on the methodological foundations of professionology, the participants presented their views on the subject and structure of this discipline, discussed the inefficiency of traditional methods of professionography and the search for new approaches. The analysis of modern trends in the development of the world of professions allowed us to identify promising areas of professional research. One of them: scientifically-based design of new professions. Another: study of the transformation of the psychological mechanisms of professional and personal formation in the conditions of the predicted change in the employment structure. One more is experimental testing of technological capabilities to eliminate the factors of professional unfitness, the development of professionally important qualities, and optimisation of a person’s functional states in the work process. Furthermore, occupational technologies for designing and supporting a career in modern conditions: career guidance based on a modular approach, professional tests were identified.

The article discusses issues related to the peculiarities of the professional choice of graduates of public education organizations. There are results of the study presented, which allow us to determine the role of conscious self-regulation of the activity of young people who find themselves in a situation of having to make a professional choice (on the example of students of a pedagogical university). The research involved 302 first-год students studying in the field of training 44.03.01 «Pedagogical Education». As research tools, the «Motivation of teaching pedagogical university students» methodology by S.А. Pakulina and M.V. Ovchinnikov and the questionnaire «Style of self-regulation of behaviour» by V.I. Morosanova were used. The data obtained during the research were organized, processed and interpreted using mathematical methods. It was found that first-год students who, upon entering the university, made a professional choice more consciously, taking into account their interests and inclinations have a well-developed need to think through their actions and behaviour to achieve their goals and their action plan is detailed. They are also characterized by independence in designing an action plan to achieve individual goals, flexibility in the situation of unforeseen circumstances, an advanced adequate assessment of themselves and the results they achieved. As the main conclusion, the following is formulated: the possession of a developed system of conscious self-regulation of arbitrary activity in an individual who is at the stage of choosing a profession allows him to make an adequate professional choice, which, in turn, is one of the conditions for the actualization of professional and personal potential.

The article deals with the issues of an individual’s professional development at the stage of professional training at a university. It is noted that being responsible is a vital principle and a professionally important quality of a teacher. The study aims to identify the characteristics of the professional development of students with low and high indicators of “responsibility”, which reflect the level of social maturity of the individual. Low indicators of “responsibility” characterize a person as “frivolous” who is guided by momentary motives rather than by a sense of duty in his decisions and actions. Often such a person does not take some situations that require a mature approach seriously. High values characterize a person as independent and ready to take responsibility for their decisions and actions. The students of the Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University branch in the city of Nizhny Tagil testing results, carried out using the computer diagnostic complex “Profkaryera”, are presented. It is statistically confirmed that students with low indicators of “responsibility” are more inclined to communicative and innovative activities; they should develop self-organization and emotional regulation skills. Students with high scores of “responsibility” are more inclined to administrative and analytical activities; they are encouraged to master time management techniques and develop the ability to manage other people.

The article presents an analytical review of modern sociological longitudinal studies of educational trajectories of young people, which are conducted in Russia, the United States and the countries of the European Union. The goals, objectives, and characteristics of the research samples are compared. The methodological features of studying the trajectories of young people in educational systems and in the labor market are considered. The main aspects of the research of educational trajectories and career paths that are in the focus of sociologists ‘ attention are touched upon: gender, ethnic, socio-economic and psychological. The conclusions obtained in the course of the study are presented. It resulted in the understanding that Western and domestic longitudinal studies of educational trajectories agree that the social status, material well-being, as well as the “educational experience” of parents or other family members, have a great influence on the decision-making of young people regarding their further educational and professional career. In the context of different countries and research plans-describing the educational trajectories of students, predictive determination of people choosing a particular career path, consistent reconstruction of trajectories — it was found that low-resource groups in higher education, such as students from disadvantaged families, follow less linear and less smooth trajectories in higher education. Russian studies are distinguished by the fact that they consider and study educational and professional trajectories in close connection with each other, and also focus on the problem of the relationship between socio-economic factors and individual choice. At the same time, there is a lack of a comprehensive study of non-material and non-cognitive factors that influence decision-making at the crucial moment of transition to vocational education or from the education system to the labor market.

The article is devoted to the analysis of factors influencing the successful implementation of national projects in the Altai Territory. One of such projects is the use of pre-retirees human capital, whose role in the labour market has become particularly relevant after the pension reform. A theoretical and comparative analysis of intellectual and professional abilities of pre-retirement age employees, which must be taken into consideration and used, is carried out. According to the results of systematization and analytical processing of statistical data, we can conclude that the role of the human capital of pre-retirees in the region is increasing. For its use, a scheme involving the interaction of national projects was proposed. The work was carried out using methods of analysis of various sources, system and analytical data processing, graphical representation and forecasting.