2021 №2

The article is devoted to the problems of formative education in modern vocational education: setting goals and creating conditions for their achievement. The aim of the work is a primary empirical analysis of the reasons for the increased interest in educational activities in modern Russia on the part of various subjects. The conclusions are intermediate and consist in stating the objectives of the upcoming study. The work’s theoretical significance consists of the substantiation of the thesis about the dialectical unity of the intentional and extensional components of education. Of practical value is the characteristic of the features of the modern digital age, within which the educational process in the secondary school is built, and the definition of a set of conditions under which it becomes successful. The article interprets the tasks of education in a new way and defines how to solve them in the context of the social contract, the main participants of which are scientific, pedagogical and practical workers of the SVE system, employers, the state, and the parent community. The work is addressed to the federal and regional authorities in education, the professional-pedagogical and scientific community of SVE.

The article is devoted to the specifics of professional education of students, which is largely due to the content of training, as well as the position that a particular profession occupies in the surrounding reality. Understanding the challenges of the time creates the need to develop a special scientific theory of the world of professions as a special segment of human activity. The purpose of the work is to outline the most important contours of this theory as a methodological basis for solving modern problems of professional education, for the justification of the strategy of which the philosophical theory of the genesis, functioning and development of the world of professions is proposed, the significant components of which are formed in the legacy of the outstanding Russian thinker M. K. Petrov. The article explicates the key ideas for the construction of this theory, set out taking into account the uncertainty of modern realities as a factor in the development of the world of professions and the choice of guidelines in the field of professional education. An effective response to the challenge of the time is impossible without using the potential of the “common” culture of humanity in the educational process, the actualization of which in the theory and practice of professional education has been and remains a reliable guarantee of high performance in the conditions of increasing uncertainty in all spheres of public and private life.

The article substantiates the status of “subjunctive design” as a promising method of psychological-educational, and professional orientation work with schoolboys and students, based on the idea of considering possible options for the development of the country, its regions and cities, as well as — specific professions and their willingness to realize themselves in these professions for the benefit of society and by their interests. Risks and possible problems in the development and practical use of the ”subjunctive design” method are analyzed, in particular the risks of excessive fantasization and personification of real problems in society and economy, which could provoke undesirable criticism of the authorities and even extremist sentiments, including the search for ways of business cooperation with those who have power and other opportunities, but so far, do not use them enough for the development of the country. On the one hand, that schoolchildren and students are ready to discuss with interest the prospects of the country’s development, its branches of the economy, specific professions and their prospects. However, on the other hand, not all of them are ready to do it reasonably, and most of them are not ready to think about possible changes in technology and the social life of society, focusing only on the realities of today.

The global transition to the digital economy and digital society, intensively developing digital technologies, has an active influence on forming the digital generation’s personality (generation Z, network generation, iGen generation, next-generation). In the context of the pandemic, severe education transformations have taken place. It could not but affect the even more significant impact of digital technologies on the consciousness and behaviour of the modern generation. The article presents its features in the unity of the main spheres of personality — communicative, cognitive, emotional-volitional, motivational-need, value-semantic, influencing the lifestyle that is not peculiar to the preceding industrial civilization. Modern teenagers and young people have specific resources: mobility, multitasking, the flexibility of thinking, high speed of information perception, intellectual potential, activity, etc. At the same time, the identified personal and behavioural characteristics of the modern generation have shown that its representatives are in a state of estrangement from the real society, have difficulties in communication, experience emotional dependence on “numbers”, which leads to a lack of cognitive control, infantilism in real life, lack of deep interpersonal relationships. Purpose of the article: Considering the features of the digital generation in the unity of the main spheres of personality. Tasks: identification of personal and behavioural features of the digital generation; assessment of the consequences of the impact of information technology on the younger generation; development of suggestions for solving problems of communications and professional formation. The study of the phenomenological features of the representatives of the digital generation was carried out using a qualitative and phenomenological method, supplemented by a theoretical and methodological analysis of scientific literature, synthesis, concretization, comparison and generalization. New ideas and methods that affect the development of young people, taking into account the environment in which they are formed, based on the accumulation and analysis of information, have been developed. Knowledge of the specifics of digital socialization of an individual, the characteristics of representatives of generation Z will allow finding new landmarks in development, proportionately using them for educational purposes, and promoting professional self-determination.

Educators involved in the implementation of vocational education and training (VET) are key actors ensuring its quality. This article focuses on professional responsibility of educators in the German VET system. More specifically, it concentrates on their task to educate. The explicit and implicit embedment of the educational task of vocational school teachers and company trainers in normative and regulatory framework of dual VET is explored. Further, the article addresses the development of the educational task of VET educators over the time. It is shown that in the course of the last decades, a transformation of VET educators’ roles and tasks as a result of the changing goals of VET took place. Along with these changes, the educational task of VET educators with respect to development of leaners’ personality and their personality-related qualities and virtues has gained importance. Furthermore, in light of the growing influence of globalization and migration processes, promotion of students’ intercultural competence becomes an integral part of their responsibility. Finally, the article shows that in spite of the growing importance of the topic, the empirical research on how role-related normative demands are perceived, adopted and fulfilled by VET educators in praxis remains scarce.

The article notes that when implementing a new state policy in the field of education of the younger generation, it is advisable to take into account the historical experience of organizing educational activities in educational institutions of the State Labour Reserves of the USSR in the 1940s and 1950s. The paper identifies and structures the fundamental principles of the organization of ideological, military-patriotic and physical education of young people: the presence of a core educational idea; the continuity of educational efforts throughout the entire period of training; the complex nature of educational activities; allocation of a limited range of priority tasks; active involvement in educational work in the system of State Labour Reserves of the Komsomol. The analysis made it possible to conclude that some principles and some content elements of the model of education of students in the system of State Labour Reserves can be used today in the development of a modern concept of education of Russian youth.

Virtual workshops are a promising technology for the professional education of the future. In the scientific research the vector of studying virtual workshops as a technology of virtual or immersive reality is almost completely absent. Aim. Determination of benchmarks for the development and implementation of foresight technology of virtual workshops in educational practice. Results. The essence of virtual workshops, their basic characteristics are described; the structure of virtual workshops is proposed; the limitations and problems of development, implementation of virtual workshops in the educational space are considered; formulated educational and developmental effects of this technology. The material of this article can be used to improve the process of developing virtual workshops. It is the basis for the inclusion of this technology in the system of professional training of specialists in order to ensure the implementation of a new format for mastering professional competencies.

The article presents the results of research on the state task of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation (2020) for the Institute of Education Development Strategy of the Russian Academy of Education (ISRO RAO) on the topic ”Research of the scientific potential of teachers of professional educational organizations of secondary vocational education and the mechanisms for its improvement”. At the first stage of the study (Nikitin, 2020), trends, scientific novelty, tasks, conceptual apparatus were identified, comparative statistical monitoring was carried out, and criteria for the formation of a new professional group of intellectual labour workers (masters, teachers, managers) were formulated. The article also considers the theoretical components of solving some problems related to developing the potential in the educational, innovative and research activities of the personnel of state professional educational organizations of secondary vocational education. The material presented here is the second stage of the research, the task of which is to discuss with specialists the proposed structural and logical schemes, the level platform, mechanisms and search practices for increasing professional qualifications by the staff of the SVE in the context of the formation of a new technological structure in the Russian economy.

The article is devoted to the problem of formation and development of research competencies, which, according to the authors, are necessary for the successful professional activity of a teacher of secondary vocational education. The purpose of the article is to identify the lack of research competencies among teachers of vocational training and determine the direction of development of research activities (RA) in the field of secondary vocational education. In order to achieve this goal, a survey was conducted using an online survey developed based on GoogleForms tools, and methods of statistical processing of research data were applied. The article presents the structure and types of research activities of a teacher of secondary vocational education, the results of an empirical study that allowed us to assess the degree of formation of professional competencies of teachers and their readiness to implement the RA. The authors offer practical recommendations for filling the deficit of research competencies in teachers of vocational training.

Transdisciplinary competence is considered in the article as a result of training of a future teacher in the system of higher vocational education (VE). It allows a person to successfully integrate into a team of diverse specialists, consider issues at the intersection of professional competencies, go beyond traditional knowledge and develop innovative solutions to real-life problems. The purpose of this article is to study the possibility of designing an optimal, self-developing (emergent), complex system of higher vocational education of a future teacher, aimed at developing students ‘ transdisciplinary competence. In the course of the study, a system of vocation education was designed, which is part of the traditional software system, but has features that contribute to the formation of transdisciplinary competence in future teachers (functionality, openness, complexity, adaptability, orderliness, etc.). As structural elements of this system, target, content, methodological and evaluative-effective approaches are identified. This structure allows the system to remain identical to itself in a rapidly changing environment. The practical significance of the article is expressed in the description of the content of education and technologies that are used to form the transdisciplinary competence of future teachers of preschool education.

The article focuses on the issue of developing competency-based vocational training programs on the basis of workplace requirements. International experience suggests that vocational education teachers lack capabilities for interpretation and application of occupational standards in training. Some countries which opted for developing national educational standards failed to base them on the requirements of occupational standards. This has brought additional dislocations to taking adequate account of the workplace requirements in the development of vocational education programs. This write-up describes a pilot methodology for developing programs of vocational education on the basis of occupational standards. The methodology has incorporated some elements of the world practice and is currently being piloted in Kyrgyzstan in three industries at the qualification levels of certified worker and technician Diploma. The methodology is bound by the template of occupational standards, applied in the economically advanced nations, what has determined the working processes applied for their interpretation for the purpose of skills training and assessment. The paper explains the format and the categories inherent to the advanced occupational standards, which in some countries are also named “the competency standards”. The methodology takes advantage of the detailed template of occupational standards, which lends itself to organic transformation of units of standards into training modules and, further down, to the individual subject-based courses within the modular program. The methodology permits developing complex vocational education programs, which involve teaching of a few or many individual disciplines. А modular program functions as a mechanism for integration and synchronisation of these individual disciplines on the basis of the skills assessment requirements drawn from the occupational standards. The article describes some preliminary results of piloting of the new programs in lyceums and colleges of Kyrgyzstan.